Indigenous land rights have been further strengthened under the 2013 Constitution. Indigenous Fijians (or iTaukei) were compelled to live in rural villages. In the case of Fiji, the segregation of indigenous Fijians from the descendants of Indian immigrants (henceforth referred to as Indians) either on the basis of race or ethnicity is Most of the islands are of volcanic origin.
In terms of political representation it took steps to move towards a system of proportional representation with no ethnically-based reservation of seats.
2 Racial discrimination, therefore, is discrimination by those in authority on the basis of inherited characteristics. Parliament also supported bills giving Fijians greater control over resources, including coastal land, partly in the wake of pressures for compensation.Through a military coup on 5 December 2006, Prime Minister Qarase was deposed and Frank Bainimarama a former military commander, came to power.
However, he also drew attention to the persistence of ethnic divisions in the country and the prevalence of hate speech in the media, parliament and in public platforms online. The country typically experiences a hurricane every other year, and the most pressing environmental issues facing Fiji are deforestation, soil erosion and the impact of climate change.The indigenous Melanesian population of Fiji has been there for more than 2,000 years.
The third key element of the economy, textiles, has also experienced a rapid decline, again because of the movement to free trade. Race and Politics in Fiji, 1977. Unlike the previous three coups, the 2006 military usurpation of power is widely perceived to be anti-indigenous Fijian and pro-Indo-Fijian.
Smaller minorities, including Banabans, Rotumans, Chinese, Melanesians and other Pacific islanders, remain socially and politically marginalized. There are many Pacific islanders at the University of the South Pacific, and there have occasionally been tensions between some national groups there.Fiji’s society has long been marked by tensions between the majority indigenous Fijian population and an Indo-Fijian minority.
Although the FLP awarded sensitive ministerial posts to Fijians, there was powerful opposition and in May 1987 a military coup led by Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka overthrew the government. Key provisions of the bill provided amnesty for ‘political’ crimes, though the commander of the Fiji Military Forces (FMF) sought full punishment for all offenders. Close to 83 per cent of the land was recognized as owned by indigenous Fijian land-owning groups.The second significant policy was the invitation to the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) of Australia to establish sugar cane plantations and mills in the colony. There has been some migration from many other Pacific islands.There is a small group of Melanesian islanders, descendants of those who were brought to Fiji from the Solomon Islands and New Hebrides (Vanuatu) during the 1800s to work on plantations.There are other minority groups in Fiji – including the Chinese (whose numbers are again increasing) and other Pacific islanders, who are often temporary residents. However, it has attracted criticism for not complying with international standards and for undermining other important human rights and freedoms, including freedom of association. First, the native policy required that ethnic Fijians reside in their nucleated villages and engage in agricultural livelihoods as small-holder or peasant farmers until the 1960s.
A significant aspect of the native policy related to customary ownership of land and its non-alienability. The House of Representatives had 71 seats, of which 25 were opened to all ethnic groups (elected by universal suffrage), but other seats were to be elected by separate communal electoral rolls such as 23 for ethnic Fijians, 19 for Indo-Fijians 19, three for other ethnic groups, and one for Rotuman Islanders.
Following the signing of the Deed of Cession in 1874 by some (but not all) leading chiefs of Fiji, the British colonial administration instituted pivotal policies that affect inter-ethnic relations to the present day.
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