The weight of this bomb - 27 tonnes - was nearly equal to the Tu-95's maximum payload, and two and a half times its normal weapon load Assembly appears to have been conducted in parallel with the design effort - that is, they began building the device even while developing its design. Further, the underlying pathologies of the Soviet system encouraged self-deception. The first peak is reached, and the luminosity plunges to its minimum point in only 10 milliseconds. It was released at 10,500 meters, and made a parachute retarded descent to 4000 meters in 188 seconds before detonation.
Tsar Bomba (in Russian, Царь-бомба) is the Western nickname for the Soviet RDS-220 (РДС-220) hydrogen bomb (code name Vanya). It has been speculated that the second stage used this method as well.The uranium-238 fusion tamper greatly amplifies the reaction by fissioning uranium atoms with fast neutrons from the fusion reaction. In other Soviet districts located over a hundred miles from ground zero, wooden houses were demolished, and brick and stone ones suffered damages. Entry into a nation's weapon stockpile requires considerable engineering effort and planning to ensure a satisfactory stockpile lifetime, provision for required maintenance, a variety of safety and security mechanisms, development of suitable delivery techniques and equipment for combat use, development and approval of operational doctrine, institution of a suitable training program, development of a list of suitable targets and operational plans, etc., etc.Given the overtly political nature of the development and test of this device, the dubious military usefulness of a weapon of this size, and the extremely compressed development effort, it is not a foregone conclusion that this device would ever be manufactured in quantity or accepted into the stockpile of the Soviet Union. The test of the legendary RDS-202 bomb, also known as the Tsar Bomba, was tested on the range ground in October of 1961. The two peaks are similar to total luminosity, but as the seocnd peak lasts 100 times as long, it accounts for 99% of the emitted light and thermal radiation.
One test witness felt the thermal effects at a distance of 170 miles, even with dark goggles.
The Tsar Bomba was so big, ... the U.S. could place bombers and intermediate range ballistic missiles fairly close to Soviet targets in Eastern Europe.
A reflective white paint was used on the planes to minimize thermal damage to their surfaces.Tsar Bomba weighed 27 metric tons or 59,525 lbs. There would be no time for shaking out production processes for fabricating new massive weapon components.The largest device tested by the Soviet Union before the 1961 test series had a yield of 2.9 megatons (there had been three with yields of 2.8 to 2.9 Mt). Thus, despite its huge yield, Tsar Bomba did not actually generate much nuclear fallout.A Tu-95V Soviet long range bomber piloted by Major Andrei Durnovstev delivered Tsar Bomba during the test. The top of the cloud had a width of 59 miles and the base a width of 25 miles.The extreme damage and devastation wrought by thermonuclear weapons like the Tsar Bomba is unimaginable. That was in theory. One cameraman recalled:
Despite the very substantial burst height of 4,000 m (13,000 ft) the vast fireball reached down to the Earth, and swelled upward to nearly the height of the release plane. Fatalities 0. There is evidence that Tsar Bomba utilized several third stages.Tsar Bomba could have theoretically yielded as much as 100 megatons, but it would have resulted in a dangerous level of nuclear fallout (approximately 25% of all fallout produced since the invention of nuclear weapons in 1945). Despite the addition of reflective paint and the parachute, a 50/50 chance of survival was predicted for those on board.On October 30, 1961, Tsar Bomba was detonated in the atmosphere at 11:32 Moscow Time over the Mityushikha Bay Nuclear Testing Range in the northern Arctic Circle. Tsar Bomba could have theoretically yielded as much as 100 megatons, but it would have resulted in a dangerous level of nuclear fallout ... Tsar Bomba was detonated in the atmosphere at 11:32 Moscow Time over the Mityushikha Bay Nuclear Testing Range in the northern Arctic Circle. If such a weapon exploded in a large American city such as New York, Chicago, San Francisco, or Washington, D.C., their metropolitan areas plus large portions of their surrounding suburbs would be completely destroyed and nearly devoid of all life.To see the destructive effects of nuclear weapons on various cities across the globe, please visit Alex Wellerstein's Browse our collection of oral histories with workers, families, service members, and more about their experiences in the Manhattan Project.Tour some of the key locations of the Manhattan Project with an audio guide.Copyright © 2019 by the Atomic Heritage Foundation.
At the point of detonation, the aircraft dropped approximately one half mile in altitude due to the shock wave, but would make it to safety.
This value then circulated for 30 years as the actual yield of this device, quoted by Western sources and by the Soviet government. The blast pressure below the burst point was 300 PSI, six times the peak pressure experienced at Hiroshima.
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