Instead, he decided to join SRI International, founded as the Stanford Research Institute.SRI had a project to build a fault-tolerant avionics computer system for NASA. It's rather long, but most people will read only Part I, which comprises the firstRefinement mappings are used to prove that a lower-level specification correctly implements a higher-level one. Given the nature of the system, failures had to be avoidable, and that led to a pair of papers, co-written by Lamport and SRI colleagues Marshall Pease and Robert Shostak, to address Byzantine failures.In computing terms, “ordinary” failures might result in lost messages or halted processes, but they don’t get corrupted—and if they do, the use of redundancy enables the corrupted message to be discarded. Proving correctness simply became a matter of saying that a program logically implied its specification.”Lamport and Susan Owicki showed that temporal logic was good for reasoning about liveness. We were delighted to get him.”So have been Microsoft’s product groups, which have repeatedly reaped the benefits of Lamport’s expertise. LaTeX marries the power of TeX with ease of use. “He said, ‘This would be really useful if people could do it.’ I said, ‘That doesn’t sound very difficult,’ and, on a napkin, I sketched to him what was the first digital-signature algorithm. How do I pronounce TeX? And I realized this could be corrected fairly easily by changing the way these timestamps were being generated.”Lamport’s LaTeX book has been translated into multiple languages.His insight, stemming from his interest in physics and special relativity, was that it is problematic to identify the temporal order of two events unless there is a causal connection between them—if a message passed between them.
Impact This is one of the most cited papers in Computer Science and considered one of the first true distributed systems paper. Butler’s the one with the Turing Award.”Savor the joke. The cheese merchant was a computer scientist named Gouda [for Mohamed Gouda].”Lamport (left) and his wife (second from right) with students from the Università della Svizzera italiana in 2006.It also gave Lamport a chance to have a joke at the expense of one of his buddies at Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC), at whose Systems Research Center Lamport worked from 1985 until joining Microsoft Research in 2001.“The ending of the paper was that there was something that could happen to cause the system to crash, just completely disintegrate. His work on Paxos has been implemented in many products, in uses such as But his contributions to Microsoft are not merely measured in bytes, a fact to which David Langworthy can attest.“Leslie taught me how to think,” says Langworthy, a principal development lead for Microsoft. He is about six years old in this photo. Nothing too unusual about that—until you consider that this was in the mid-1950s. Lamport’s career is littered with glittering honors, making his Turing Award seem merely inevitable. I need nature for that inspiration.’“It’s the same with me. Processes might stop, but they don’t give an incorrect answer.Byzantine failures, though, can make mistakes or send incorrect messages.The commonly used technique, called triple modular redundancy, uses three separate computers to “vote,” in a sort of majority rule, and even if one delivers an incorrect result, the other two still will provide the right answer.
If I just work by myself and come up with problems, I’d come up with some small number of things, but if I go out into the world, where people are working on real computer systems, there are a million problems out there. This book will teach you how to write specifications of computer systems, using the language TLA+. When I look back on most of the things I worked on—Byzantine Generals, Paxos—they came from real-world problems.”On February 13, Lamport again found himself in the real world, delivering a tribute to close LampsonFest, an event held at Microsoft Research New England to celebrate the 70th birthday of another computing legend, Lamport’s colleague and friend, Butler Lampson.At the outset of his talk, Lamport displayed a slide with a photo of himself, followed by one of Lampson.“I realized that there was some confusion about this when someone sent me email asking about my Turing Award lecture. He was working for us; we weren’t working for him, in a sense.“In the 10 years I worked for Bob, his door was always open, and I would quite often wander in there and chat with him.
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