Unlike the Arctic, where Overall, the long-term trend in Antarctic sea ice is nearly flat. to a large/some/a certain extent(etc), to the extent of/that/to such an extent that(etc), to what/that extent/the extent that(etc), extend Collaborative Dictionary English Cobuild ice bucket challenge Melting picks up pace during the spring as the sun gets stronger, and in September the extent of the ice cover is typically only around one third of its winter maximum. Compared to the Arctic, Antarctic sea ice shows less variability in summer, and more variability in winter. For example, sea ice retreat in the Weddell Sea along the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula probably contributed to Since September This recent shift does not necessarily signify a change in the long-term trend. Then Antarctic sea ice began to fall below the long-term range of variability (encompassing 80 percent of the range of values around the 1981–2010 average). However, snowfall often thickens Antarctic sea ice. The median line (orange in images) shows a typical ice extent for that day based on data from 1981 through 2010. These changes largely result from the geographic differences mentioned above, namely Antarctic sea ice’s distance from the pole (sea ice can melt ba… (In the Arctic, multiyear ice that survives at least one summer is generally 3 to 4 meters thick, and even seasonal ice that formed since the previous summer can often reach about 2 meters in thickness.) Ice concentrations are based on satellite data and are from the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility project (OSISAF). In the Arctic, landmasses surround and influence the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center’s Sea Ice Index, as of early April 2020, Antarctic sea ice showed a slightly positive long-term trend in all months but November, which showed a slightly negative trend. On average, about 40 percent of the Arctic Ocean’s winter ice cover remains at the summer minimum, whereas in the Southern Ocean only about 15 percent does. The grey band around the climatological mean value corresponds to plus/minus one The ice cover in the Arctic grows throughout the winter, before peaking in March. So overall, average Antarctic ice thickness is much lower than Arctic sea ice. The extent of the ice is based on satellite data and are from the Ocean and Sea Ice, Satellite Application Facility project (OSISAF). See also the map of the thickness … Spanning over four decades, the satellite record shows periods of increasing and decreasing sea ice, but few of those trends have been statistically significant. Learn more. (Meanwhile, the Satellite images of sea ice off the Oates Coast of Antarctica on October 7, 2018, (left) and January 12, 2019 (right). Scientists use the 15 percent cutoff because it provides the most consistent agreement between satellite and ground observations. Compared to the Arctic, Antarctic sea ice shows less variability in summer, and more variability in winter. Antarctic sea ice extends to about 7 million square miles in winter, versus 6 million square miles in the Arctic; the Antarctic summer minimum is about 1 million square miles versus 2.5 million square miles for the Arctic.Sea ice concentration in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica during the most recent summer minimum (February 2020) and winter maximum (September 2019). Weather events often drive variability, but have different effects in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The heavy snow burden can depress ice floes, and seawater can subsequently flood those floes.Young, thin ice floats in the Amundsen Sea on October 16, 2009. In 2013, 2014, and 2015, Antarctic sea ice yearly minimum extents (occurring in February or March) not only exceeded the 1981–2010 average, they also exceeded almost all the values in the satellite record for that time of year. The graph shows the annual variation in the extent of the sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere. The grey band around the climatological mean value corresponds to plus/minus one standard deviation. The sea ice satellite record dates back to October 25, 1978. These changes largely result from the geographic differences mentioned above, namely Antarctic sea ice’s distance from the pole (sea ice can melt back all the way to the coast in summer, making for less year-to-year variability) and unconstrained growth potential in winter. 15% of the surface is covered by ice. For an entire hemisphere, it is the total area covered by ice, which corresponds to sum of the area of each cell multiplied by the fractional concentration for that cell. For a grid cell, it is the area of the portion of the cell covered by ice. This graph shows each year’s minimum ice extent—the lowest daily extent of the year—since the start of the satellite record in 1979. Differences may occur in terms of the position of the edge of the ice in the two maps, “Extent of the sea ice” and “Thickness and volume of the sea ice”, as the model calculations do not always correspond exactly to the satellite sensors’ registration of the extent of the ice. Daily Sea Ice Extent These images show the extent of ocean covered by ice at any concentration greater than 15 percent for a given day. Unlike the Arctic, the Antarctic typically holds on to very little sea ice in the summer. The timing of the seasonal cycles isn’t the only way that Antarctic sea ice differs from the Arctic. The extent of the sea ice is defined by areas that have an ice concentration of at least 15%, i.e. The gold line shows the median Because it forms at lower, warmer latitudes, less Antarctic sea ice survives the summer. In 2012, Over the past decade, Antarctic sea ice extents have shown great variability, with both record-high winter maximum extents and record-low ones. Climate.gov graph, adapted from NSIDC’s Midway through 2015, Antarctic sea ice was exhibiting values closer to the 1981–2010 average. Photo captured by the DMS camera on the first flight of NASA’s Operation Ice Bridge Campaign. The area around the North Pole that the satellite does … This snapshot of current ice conditions may be missing data (missing data appears as gray dots or areas). extent definition: 1. area or length; amount: 2. the degree to which something happens or is likely to happen: 3. so…. Sea ice extent is a measurement of the area of ocean where there is at least some sea ice. Ice and (especially) snow are highly reflective, bouncing much of the Sun’s energy back into space.
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