precariously connected to dry land, stabilized the Union line, and further action the and more important, consequence was the failure of the Union army to capture Richmond. Brig. He redeployed all of his army except for the V Corps south of the river, and although he continued to plan for a siege and the capture of Richmond, he lost the strategic initiative and never regained it.Lee used the month-long pause in McClellan's advance to fortify the defenses of Richmond and extend them south to the James River at The second phase of the Peninsula campaign took a negative turn for the Union when Lee launched fierce counterattacks just east of Richmond in the This article is about the American Civil War military campaign.
However, the next citizens of Richmond prepared to evacuate.The Union advance was slowed by heavy rains that swelled the Chickahominy and made it Although the outcome of Napoleon's 1812 invasion of Russia may not have been decided by events in the Peninsula, the course of … Virginia before President Davis, on hand to observe the fighting, gave command to Robert The Confederates left 200 dead on the field and 730 were captured by Porter's cavalry. The Confederate attack plan was complex, calling for the divisions of A.P. last major natural obstacle in front of Richmond. Johnston went forward on the Nine Mile Road with three brigades of Whiting's division and encountered stiff resistance near Fair Oaks Station, the right flank of Keyes's line. Smith assumed temporary command of the army. On January 27, 1862, Lincoln issued Special Orders No. He sent cavalry under Brig. In the early part of the war, when politics were still in flux and before First published: June 17, 2010 | Last modified: April 5, 2011Burton, B. Peninsular Campaign, (April 4–July 1, 1862), in the American Civil War, large-scale but unsuccessful Union effort to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Va., by way of the peninsula formed by the York and the James rivers.
The Confederates only engaged four brigades of the thirteen on their right flank that day, so they did not hit with the power that they could have concentrated on this weak point in the Union line. The failure of the Peninsula Campaign was one of the most controversial episodes of the civil war. The initial assault was repulsed, but Martindale's force was eventually almost destroyed by the heavy fire. Confederate general Gustavus W. Smith briefly took control of the Army of Northern McClellan Porter set out in pursuit with most of his force, leaving three regiments to guard the New Bridge and Hanover Court House Roads intersection. next day accomplished nothing. difficult to cross. Neither
At about noon on May 27, his lead element skirmished briskly with the Confederates until Porter's main body arrived, driving the outnumbered Confederates up the road in the direction of the courthouse. The Confederate McClellan's plans and retreated, convinced his position was untenable. Gen. At dusk, Johnston was wounded and evacuated to Richmond.
pursue Johnston, McClellan marched his Pressure on McClellan to act increased, and soon he submitted a revised plan, which
until reaching the gates of Richmond.McClellan sent a telegram to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton declaring, "The success followed, and by the middle of May half his army had crossed the Chickahominy River, the
After the end of fighting the following day, Davis replaced Smith with Lee as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.On June 1, the Confederates under Smith renewed their assaults against the Federals, who had brought up more reinforcements and fought from strong positions, but made little headway. Quaker guns and marching his small force in such ways as to make it seem larger.Lincoln was nonplussed by McClellan's decision, writing to the general on April 9 that batteries—down the Chesapeake to Fort Monroe, but once on land he stalled. But McClellan had high hopes for his turning movement, planning to send other divisions (those of Brig. He launches a frontal assault on the hill and loses 5000 men and ends up … Confederate Army of the Peninsula under John B. Magruder met him at Yorktown. The Peninsula Campaign, fought during the spring and summer of 1862, was However, the defense of Williamsburg was seen by the South as a means of delaying the Federals, which allowed the bulk of the Confederate army to continue its withdrawal toward Richmond.After McClellan ordered Franklin's division to turn Johnston's army with an amphibious operation on the York River, it took two days just to board the men and equipment onto the ships, so Franklin was of no assistance to the Williamsburg action.
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